Cloning Entire Organisms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cloning Entire Organisms - Research Paper Example Now the entire organisms are cloned. Cloning of entire organisms can be dated back to 1997 when the first mammal was cloned; a sheep named Dolly. After this the research work in the field saw a rapid progress, and soon clones of rabbits, cows, mice, goat etc. were made (Cloning Fact Sheet, 2009). Cloning which has now long been a buzz word among not only the science, biology, medicine or genetics learned people but has also been arousing strong interest and attention among the so called â€Å"laymen† or non-science background group of the society. To start with, when cloning, its potential application and benefits for the human race were elaborated, the technique earned many accolades and the scientists responsible for this great research gained loads of appreciation. This all started years back in 1952, when the first clone of a tadpole was created.   Further studies about the genes, genetic make-up, gene cloning and molecular biology have won many awards for the responsibl e scientists and associated companies and universities. Considering the prospective gains cloning might have for the human race, many governments have also been encouraging research work in related fields by providing grants for many biotech companies, institutes and universities. ... any problems including organ transplanting, low yielding crops, need of highly productive animals, huge requirement of lab animals, infertility among couples, disease like cancer, Alzheimer’s etc. On the other hand, the same cloning technique is being considered unethical and unsafe for the progress of human race. Both these aspects are discussed with relevant instances below. The Pros Cloning is a broad term extending from single gene cloning to cell culture, recombinant DNA technology and organism cloning. As far as cloning is considered, the method presents itself as a boon or a gift for the human population. The technology has been and can be used in various ways to help people find possible solutions for their problems, some of which will be elaborated in the following paragraphs. Cloning of entire organisms includes making genetic replicas or identical twins of another organism of the same class/race, like bacteria, some fungi, plants, mammals, lab animals or even humans . A donor or a giver is selected whose replica or twin is to be made. All the techniques which have been defined and developed in this field till date somehow focus on provision of some or the other benefit for the human kind. If one form of cloning can be used to create extra stock of proteins useful for diabetic patients, the other has been used to create high yielding varieties of rice. The entire genome replication/cloning is another advanced form of gene cloning. Here, not a single part or segment of the genome but the entire genome of an organism, be it goat, sheep, some kind of bacteria or a human, is used to make clones. As a result, we get identical twins of the donor. By identical we mean that the clone will have exactly the same genetic make-up as the donor. At first the technique was

Intermediate Accounting Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Intermediate Accounting - Research Paper Example The following illustration provides a simplified view of the business model followed by Groupon: Comparison of this business model of Groupon with Wal-Mart reveals some fundamental differences in the approach followed by the two businesses. First of all, as mentioned earlier, the virtual operating style of Groupon through internet is a primary factor which distinguishes the extent to which both companies can target their respective customers. Based on the differences identified in the business model for Groupon in comparison with the approach followed by Wal-Mart, it is possible to determine how these differences influence the risks identified by Groupon in its financial statements under management discussion and analysis and also the translation of these risks into financial reporting of the company. Before initiating a discussion as to how risks faced by Groupon would influence its business model, it is pertinent to understand that the success of the business model of the company l argely rests on the revenue generating ability of the company through acquiring new subscribers to purchase coupons offered by the company. Since the company has only one product to offer, i.e. coupons, therefore any unfavourable changes in the circumstances may eventually lead to the disruption of whole business model. First of all, the company has expressly stated in its Form S - 1 that, â€Å"We may not maintain the revenue growth that we have experienced since inception.† (Groupon Incorporation 11). Although, the company would take measures to ensure that such a risk may not materialize in future; however, if such a situation is faced by the company where revenue growth becomes difficult, the business model may be affected severely, as there is no contingency plan for the company due to lack of its diversity in operations. Realizing the significance of influence this risk may have on the business model of the company, it has been mentioned that, â€Å"If we fail to retai n our existing subscribers or acquire new subscribers, our revenue and business will be harmed.† (Groupon Incorporation 12). In addition to this, it is also important to note that apart from growth in subscribers to the business, the retention and growth of merchants for the business is also a risk factor. The company has expressly stated that if it fails to retain or grow the number of merchant it deals with, the revenues may shrink considerably in the future and therefore place impact on the whole business (Groupon Incorporation 13). Apart from this, it is also pertinent to understand that Groupon is not alone in its market; in fact there are other competitors who are improving their customer base and market standing. The company, in this regard, states that it operates in a highly competitive environment where competitors may pose a significant threat to the operations and growth opportunities for Groupon in the future (Groupon Incorporation 13). Issues regarding Revenue Re cognition for Groupon The table presented as follows include information pertaining to revenues, cost of sales, other operating expenses and net profit / loss of the company for the financial years 2009 and 2010. Under each year, both gross and net based revenue recognition by the company has been presented so as to make the comparison possible between